Uterine fibroids: what we should know about them

The fibroids Fibroids are benign tumors made of muscle tissue that develop in the uterus. Although they are not malignant, they can affect the quality of life of women who have them. In this article, we will explain what fibroids are, their symptoms, possible causes, diagnostic and treatment options, and how to live with them to maintain a good quality of life.

What are uterine fibroids?

The fibroids Fibroids are abnormal growths of muscle tissue that occur in the uterus. Their size and location can vary considerably, from small nodules that cause no symptoms to large masses that can distort the anatomy of the uterus. There are different types of fibroids depending on their location: subserosal (on the outside of the uterus), intramural (within the muscular wall), and submucosal (beneath the inner lining of the uterus).

The impact of fibroids on a woman's health depends on their size, location, and the severity of the symptoms. Some women can live with fibroids without experiencing any symptoms, while others may suffer significant pain and complications.

Common symptoms of uterine fibroids

Although many women experience no symptoms, uterine fibroids can cause a variety of problems. The most common symptoms include:

• Heavy and prolonged periodsWomen with submucosal or intramural fibroids may experience heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
• Abdominal and pelvic painPain may be more frequent in large fibroids, which press on nearby structures within the pelvis.
• Back and leg painLarge fibroids can compress nerves, causing pain in the lower back and legs.
• Bleeding between periodsBleeding outside of the usual menstrual cycle is another common symptom.
• Urinary problemsFibroids can press on the bladder, causing increased urinary frequency or, in some cases, urinary retention.
• Difficulties conceivingSubmucosal fibroids or fibroids that interfere with the uterine cavity can make conception difficult or complicate pregnancy.

Causes and risk factors

Although the exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, there are several factors that increase the risk of developing them:

• AgeFibroids are more common in women over 40 and their prevalence increases with age.
• Family historyWomen with a family history of fibroids are more likely to develop them.
• Hormonal factorsEstrogens, the female sex hormones, appear to play a significant role in the growth of fibroids. This explains why fibroids are more common during the reproductive years and decrease in size after menopause.
• EthnicityAfrican American women have a higher risk of developing fibroids compared to Caucasian women.
• ObesityOverweight and obesity have been associated with an increased risk of fibroids, possibly due to higher estrogen levels.

Diagnosis of uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are usually diagnosed through a gynecological examination and ultrasound. If necessary, additional tests may be performed, such as a magnetic resonance, three-dimensional ultrasound or a hysteroscopyTo obtain more detailed information about the size, location, and number of fibroids, these tests will help the doctor determine the appropriate treatment.

Treatment options for uterine fibroids

The treatment for uterine fibroids depends on the symptoms, the size of the fibroids, their location, and, in particular, whether or not the patient wishes to have children. Treatment options include:

1. Conservative treatmentIf the fibroids are small and do not cause serious symptoms, it is possible to adopt an "active waiting" approach with periodic ultrasound monitoring to track their evolution.
2. PharmacotherapyTo control symptoms, doctors may prescribe medications such as analgesics for pain, hormonal treatments (such as contraceptives or progestins), or antifibrinolytics to reduce bleeding.
3. Minimally invasive proceduresThere are techniques that allow fibroids to be treated without open surgery. These include:
   • Uterine artery embolization: A technique that blocks the blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
   • Focused ultrasound ablation: A procedure that uses ultrasound to destroy fibroid tissue.
   • RadiofrequencyIt uses radiofrequency energy to reduce the size of fibroids.
4. SurgeryIn more severe cases or when other options are ineffective, surgery may be necessary. There are two main procedures:
   • Myomectomy: Removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus, ideal for women who wish to have children.
   • Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus, indicated in cases where the fibroids are large or cause serious problems.

In many cases, surgical techniques are minimally invasive, such as hysteroscopy (through the uterine cavity) or the laparoscopy (with a small incision in the abdomen), which reduces recovery time and associated risks.

How to live with uterine fibroids

While fibroids can be challenging, many women can lead full and active lives. Here are some tips for managing symptoms and improving quality of life:

• Follow the recommended medical treatmentsIt is important to follow the doctor's instructions and undergo the prescribed treatments to control the symptoms.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyleEating a balanced diet, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and exercising regularly can help reduce the symptoms of fibroids.
• Consult your gynecologist regularlyIt is essential to have regular check-ups and maintain open communication with healthcare professionals to adjust treatment if necessary.

Uterine fibroids Fibroids are a common condition that can significantly affect a woman's quality of life. While they are not malignant, the symptoms they produce can be bothersome and, in some cases, serious. The good news is that there are effective diagnostic and treatment options to manage this condition. If you experience symptoms that may be related to fibroids, don't hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. In our assisted reproduction clinic in Seville , We are experts in the diagnosis and treatment of uterine fibroids and offer a multidisciplinary approach to personalize treatment according to your needs.